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Community Characteristics of Dominant Archaea before and after the Danjiangkou Dam
LIN Yaxuan, DANG Chenyuan, ZHONG Sining, WANG Jiawen, ZHENG Tong, NI Jinren
Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis 2020, 56 (
3
): 509-517. DOI:
10.13209/j.0479-8023.2020.034
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The 16S rRNA Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the species composition of archaea in the Danjiangkou reservoir area and the downstream Hanjiang River. The structure of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and methanogenic archaea that dominated the water and sediments in the upstream and downstream dam was analyzed. The results showed that the structure of the dominant species was affected by the samples difference, which could be explained by the aerobic preference of the ammonia-oxidizing archaea and the anaerobic properties of the methanogenic archaea. According to the network analysis, there was a significant correlation between the ammonia-oxidizing archaea and the methanogenic archaea in the upstream of the Danjiangkou reservoir. Because of the operation of the Danjiangkou reservoir, the abundance of ammoniaoxidizing archaea in the water and sediments of downstream of the dam was reduced, and the abundance of methanogenic archaea in the sediments was relatively high. The relation between them was not obvious.
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Study on Nitrogen Release from Reservoir Sediments and Nitrogen Removal by Aerobic Microorganism
XIE Minzheng, CHEN Qian, DANG Chenyuan, PAN Boyue, AN Rui, WU Zhe, ZHOU Ming
Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis 2019, 55 (
3
): 561-570. DOI:
10.13209/j.0479-8023.2019.018
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This study focuses on the Danjiangkou reservoir, and investigates the release regulation of total
nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite and ammonia from sediments as a function of temperature, perturbation and aeration
conditions. Moreover, a simulation reactor was set up to explore the elimination of endogenous nitrogen pollution
through high-efficient aerobic denitrification microorganism augmentation. Effects of high-efficient aerobic
denitrification microorganisms on the microbial community structure in the sediments was also evaluated by means
of high-throughput sequencing technology. The results indicated that increasing temperature could promote the
release of nitrate and nitrite from sediments, while inhibiting the release of ammonium. Disturbances of water was
beneficial to nitrogen release from sediments, and the nitrogen amount accumulated in the overlying water was
proportional to the agitation speed. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen had great effects on the nitrogen release
from sediments. It was found that the aeration treatment significantly reduced the release of total nitrogen and
nitrite from sediments, and the subsequent accumulation in water. After addition of the a high-efficient aerobic
denitrification bacteria
Pseudomonas stutzeri
(PCN-1) into the simulation reactor, concentrations of all the forms
of nitrogen in the reactor increased at first and then decreased. On the 65th day of the experiment, removal rates of
total nitrogen and nitrate released from sediments were as high as 75.87% and 79.96% respectively, suggesting
effective control of the endogenous nitrogen. The relative abundance of
Proteobacteria
,
Bacteroidetes
and
Spirochaetes
in sediments was significantly increased after PCN-1 addition, so the microbial community structure
in the sediments was changed by microbial augmentation treatment with PCN-1 as well.
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Relative Abundance of Anammox Bacterial Marker Genes in the Lower Yangtze River and Their Affecting Factors
WANG Haiying, PAN Rui, LIU Shufeng, ZHAO Yunpeng, DANG Chenyuan, NI Jinren
Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis 2019, 55 (
3
): 519-525. DOI:
10.13209/j.0479-8023.2019.021
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In order to investigate the distribution of anammox bacteria in river ecosystems, water and sediment
samples were collected at 6 sites along the lower Yangtze River in spring and autumn in 2014. Clean reads of
metagenomic sequencing were BLAST against self-constructed datasets of anammox bacterial marker genes
hzsA
,
hzsB
,
hzsC
and
hdh
, and valid hits were used to calculate their relative abundances. As results, average relative
abundances of
hzsA
,
hzsB
,
hzsC
and
hdh
genes in water were extremely low due to the excess dissolved oxygen
which was not suitable for anammox bacteria. Whereas, the average relative abundances in sediments were much
higher, i.e., 4.540×10
-10
, 4.939×10
-10
, 4.333×10
-10
and 2.859×10
-10
, respectively. Due to the temperature rise,
average relative abundances of
hzsA
,
hzsB
,
hzsC
and
hdh
genes in sediment samples in autumn were higher than
those in spring. From the changes alongside the river, average relative abundances of
hzsA
,
hzsB
,
hzsC
and
hdh
genes at Datong, Nanjing and Xuliujing were relatively higher, which was due to anthropogenic activity and
salinity increase in the estuary. Based on the results of taxonomic identification, anammox bacteria in the lower
Yangtze River mainly consisted of
Candidatus Brocadia
and
Candidatus Jettenia
at genus level. Relative
abundances of
hzsA
,
hzsB
,
hzsC
and
hdh
genes were related to NO
2
-
-N, NO
3
-
-N and NH
4
+
-N concentration, of
which NO
2
-
-N concentration was the restrictive factor as it was much lower than NH
4
+
-N concentration.
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Comparative Study on Pb(Ⅱ), Cd(Ⅱ), As(Ⅲ), Cr(Ⅵ) Resistance Characteristics of Fungus
YANG Zhenxing;TIAN Congkui;DANG Chenyuan;CHANG Fang;NI Jinren
2015, 51 (
4
): 667-676. DOI:
10.13209/j.0479-8023.2015.092
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19 fungus were isolated from two different soil environments and a comparative analysis of their heavy metal tolerance was conducted. Among them, 18 fungus, i.e. Aspergillus sp., Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp., were isolated respectively from the contaminated soil of Shuikoushan nonferrous metals mine in Hunan Province; 2 fungus, identified as Aspergillus niger., were isolated from non-contaminated soil in green land located in Langfang Economic Development Zone. Fungus isolated from the contaminated soil and noncontaminated green land as well as those reported previously are compared in terms of their heavy metal resistance characterized with the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). As results, mechanism of fungal resistance of high concentrations of heavy metals was revealed. The fungus of heavy metal resistance primarily relies on the sites of their isolation, metal species, fungi species and metal speciation. Considering their high heavy-metal tolerance, e.g. MICs 144 mmol/L for Pb(Ⅱ), 36 mmol/L for Cd(Ⅱ) and Cu(Ⅱ), and 72 mmol/L for As(Ⅲ), the isolated fungus perform excellent and thus have higher potential for soil restoration.
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